China’s approach to the United States has evolved over time, influenced by internal and external factors. .

  1. Mao Zedong (1949-1976):
  • General Attitude: During the early years of the People’s Republic of China, Mao’s attitude towards the U.S. was confrontational due to ideological differences and the Korean War.
  • Policy: China supported North Vietnam in its conflict with the United States during the Vietnam War, leading to strained relations.
  1. Deng Xiaoping (1978-1992):
  • General Attitude: Deng initiated a policy of reform and opening up, leading to a more pragmatic approach to the U.S.
  • Policy: Under Deng, China sought to improve relations with the U.S., leading to the normalization of diplomatic ties in 1979. Economic reforms increased economic engagement.
  1. Jiang Zemin (1993-2003):
  • General Attitude: Jiang continued the policy of engagement and sought to maintain stable relations with the U.S.
  • Policy: During Jiang’s tenure, China continued to open its economy to foreign investment, and there was increased diplomatic engagement.
  1. Hu Jintao (2003-2013):
  • General Attitude: Hu focused on maintaining a harmonious and stable relationship with the U.S., emphasizing economic cooperation and avoiding confrontation.
  • Policy: Economic ties deepened, and both countries cooperated on issues such as counterterrorism and non-proliferation.
  1. Xi Jinping (2013-present):
  • General Attitude: Xi initially pursued a more assertive foreign policy, seeking to strengthen China’s global influence, which included a more competitive stance towards the U.S.
  • Policy: Tensions increased during Xi’s presidency, with trade disputes, concerns over intellectual property theft, and competition in the South China Sea. However, cooperation on issues like climate change continued.

It’s important to note that China’s approach to the United States has become more complex in recent years, involving both competition and cooperation across various domains, including economics, technology, and geopolitics. The relationship has been marked by periodic tensions and efforts to manage those tensions through diplomatic channels.